lithium battery is a kind of lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material, in the use of non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the battery. At present, the mainstream lithium batteries for new energy vehicles include ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries and lithium manganese oxide batteries. According to different battery types, the positive and negative materials of lithium batteries mainly include the following:

1, ternary lithium battery

The positive materials of ternary lithium batteries are lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li(NiCoMn)O2), of which nickel, cobalt and manganese are the main materials, increasing the nickel content can improve the battery life, increasing the cobalt content can improve the stability of the battery, and increasing the manganese content can enhance the safety of the battery; the negative electrode material is mainly graphite, and graphite is a multi-layer structure that can accommodate lithium atoms in lithium batteries.

2, lithium iron phosphate battery

The positive electrode material of the lithium iron phosphate battery is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). This positive electrode material has an olivine structure and its chemical properties are very stable, so the safety of the lithium iron phosphate battery Very high; the negative electrode material is the same as the ternary lithium battery. The negative electrode material is mainly graphite to accommodate lithium atoms.

3, lithium cobaltate battery

The positive electrode material of lithium cobaltate battery is lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO2, which has a gray-black powder appearance and has the characteristics of high cost, high energy density and poor safety. The negative electrode material is mainly soft carbon and hard carbon, which has good compatibility with electrolyte, low output voltage and no obvious charging and discharging platform potential.

4, lithium manganate battery

The positive electrode material of lithium manganate battery is lithium manganate LiMn2O4, which is usually black-gray powder, soluble in water, and has the advantages of low price, no pollution, and high safety. The negative electrode material is mainly graphite, which has good electrical conductivity and has a layered structure suitable for intercalation and deintercalation of lithium atoms. 17